Forensic Psychology and the Prison Service Essay Example for Free

Forensic Psychology and the Prison Service Essay The two programmes mentioned above have similar objectives and use comparable methods. The curriculum includes teaching problem-solving skills, perspective taking and social skills, creative thinking, moral reasoning, management of emotions, and critical reasoning (Blud et al, 2003). To pass through the first stage of selection for a cognitive skills programme in HM Prison Service, offenders should either have a current or previous conviction for a sexual, violent or drug-related offence, or they should demonstrate a life-style factor such as serious drug abuse or poor family relationships which indicate they may benefit from the programme. One study conducted by the Canadian Correctional Service showed that there were modest outcome effects at best, with 47% of the sample being readmitted to prison. Critics of this treatment suggest that focusing on developing compensatory strategies to repair deficits in thinking does not allow sufficient account to be taken of the predisposition, choices, opportunities and motivations of the individual, and that it would be more useful to design interventions which focus on providing opportunities to change and develop. There are alternatives to cognitive therapy within the prison system. One of these is the therapeutic institutional regime, which has the aim of providing offenders with an institutional environment that will encourage their development as members of an effective community, which may then lead to more effective participation in their community on release (Howitt, 2006, p. 366). The effective treatment of sex offenders originated in the behavioural therapies common in the 1960s. The treatment of sex offenders was not a priority in prison services until the last few years. Sex offenders typically have both sexual and nonsexual problems (Blackburn, 1995), so assessment needs to cover social, cognitive, affective, and physiological levels of functioning. Treatment for sexual offenders differentiates between types of offence, such as child molestation, exhibitionism, rape, and sexual assault (Hollin, 1989). Behavioural therapists consider assessment of sexual arousal patterns to be necessary. Changing deviant sexual preference is a major target of cognitive-behavioural programmes. There are a number of ways of doing this, such as covert sensitisation, shame aversion therapy, masturbatory or orgasmic reconditioning and shaping and fading (Blackburn, 1995). However, there are a number of questions over their use. For example, the assumption that deviant preference predicts re-offending remains largely untested. There are also attempts to improve social competence. Cognitive distortions are targeted in this approach. These distortions include beliefs about sex roles, rape myths, the acceptability of child-adult sex, and the minimization of harmful effects of sexual assault. According to Blackburn (1995), offenders who commit serious crimes against the person are likely to display multiple psychological dysfunctions. Blackburn states that there are four types of murderer: paranoid-aggressive; depressive; psychopathic; and over-controlled repressors (of aggression). In one study, using the MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory), Biro et al (1992) found that 49% of homicide convicts were in the hypersensitive-aggressive category. This category consists of people with the characteristic of being easily offended, prone to impulsive aggressive outbursts and intolerant of frustration. They are very rigid, uncooperative and permanently dissatisfied thing things. However, the causes of antisocial behaviour in psychotic offenders are often the same as those in the non-disordered. Psychological treatment for dangerous offenders is most frequently carried out in forensic psychiatric facilities. While pharmacological treatment is frequently the best strategy for treating acute psychotic disorders, psychological interventions are a more durable alternative for emotional problems such as depression or anxiety, and are critical in rehabilitation. There are few demonstrably effective treatment or intervention programmes for adult violent offenders in maximum-security prisons, particularly for those diagnosable as psychopaths. They have very high recidivism rates and are often involved in institutional violent behaviour (Belfrage at al, ).

Modern Industrial Economy :: essays research papers

The Modern Industrial Economy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before the beginning of the eighteenth century, Europe was in dire need of a transformation. One that would change their style of life, not only for the well being of the countries, but for the people as well. This transformation could mean the development of nations into world powers. This need was fulfilled by one word, industrialization. Perhaps the biggest change in history was the Industrial Revolution of the 18th century. This was not only carrying economic changes, but social changes as well. This extensive mechanization from home manufacturing to large-scale factory production was without doubt, the largest conversion for labor fabrication.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Let’s take a look at some necessities for a country to industrialize. First of all, raw materials would be needed in whatever industry you would want to develop. Without a source of power or materials, the product would not be able to be produced at a large factory. Surplus of food is another necessity for industrialization. Without this extensive food supply, laborers would not be fed properly which could result in catastrophic losses. Another major element in the development of industry is entrepreneurs. Since Britain had a sizable middle-class with entrepreneur ideas, they seemed to fit more and more into this equation. Labor Force is also a large contributor to this cause. With an ability of laborers to leave their homes and go into factories, people started realizing the positive effects of big business. One distinct feature that was possessed by Britain was wealth. At the time, Great Britain was one of the wealthiest nations and could afford to dump l arge sums of money into buildings and export. Finally, one of the last things that were needed that could limit all the other elements is the possession of a government that was open to new ideas. If people in a nation could not get their government to back the ideas, they would have nothing. It was up to the entrepreneurs to convince the government officials that money could be made and power could be established.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  But why did Britain industrialize first? In the beginning of the 18th century, these qualities were not that noticeable. Actually, the Netherlands and France were just as wealthy at the time, had equally skilled populations, and had just as powerful of an empire. The French government truly was seen as more quick to respond, especially in the area of transportation and communication.

Knowing Your Audience Paper & Communication Release

Knowing Your Audience Paper & Communication Release When we are communicating information it is vital to know our audience and ensure ou are effectively conveying the message. If we are dealing with a variety of cultural people, we need to consider how our audience will receive and accept our translated information. I will discuss the protocol on the Chilean Copper Mining accident that occurred on August 5, 2010. It is crucial that the Chilean Copper Mining employees and families be communicated with about their loved ones and what will be done to help with their peace of mind.It was August 5, 2010, when there was a collapse inside the main access tunnel at a small copper mining operation in northern Chile; causing 33 workers to be trapped underground (2010). The miners were believed to be in shaft about 2,200 feet below the surface. According to â€Å"Chile Mining Accident† (2010), there was no word about their fate, whether they were alive or whether they would be rescued fo r 17 days. A small hole was borrowed to allow rescuers to send water, sugars, and other supplies to help make them a little more comfortable.The miners were also able to be in communication with their loved ones by using the whole. It wasn’t until October 9, 2010, when the rescue efforts were successful and the miners were saved one by one (Chile Mining Accident, 2010). In a situation like this, it is important to take caution when preparing to communicate with the families and fellow employees of the trapped miners. I must be sensitive to the situation, ensure my information is credible, and ensure my audience understands or receiving my message as it was intended.Since I know my audience is going to be the families and fellow employees of the trapped miners, I generally know who will be listening to my every word. Even before I deliver my message, I need write out what exactly it is I want to say. It is vital to all the members they receive accurate information on rescuing methods, family, employees’ conditions, and health information on the miners. In this case, this pertains to multiple family members, and employees with different backgrounds, and beliefs.It is vital that we continue to informing the families and employees without further frightening them or suggesting that the victims might not survive. When informing the families, I would want to schedule a press conference so I am able to ensure the families ever precaution is being made that there are no more collapses, and that we are doing all we can do to get their loved ones out of there. I would send a memorandum or email to the other employees informing them that we are working our hardest to get their associates out safely and quickly.To the families I might tell them†¦ â€Å"Family and friends, I am here representing Minera San Esteban Primera. I have called this meeting with you to announce that there has been an accident. There has been a collapse in the shafts and there a re 33 men trapped. I am deeply sorry for what has happened. We are working hard and as quickly as we can to get your loved ones out of the mine. I can ensure you we are doing everything we can to get to them. Our first priority is to borrow a large enough hole to be able to communicate with them and get them any supplies they need for survival.We are unsure of what caused the collapse; however I can guarantee you that we will do a full investigation on the cause. As soon as we are been able to communicate with them through the borrow hole we will let you know. We plan on keeping you as informed as possible. We do not yet have confirmation on the exact state of the well being of the workers; however, I can assure you that we have hundreds of personnel working around the clock to get some kind of communication from the men.If you would like to write letters to them, please do and we will send them down to the men as soon as the tunnel is complete. Again, we here at San Jose mine are d eeply sorry for this incident and are trying our hardest to rescue the minors. We will keep you all updated about rescue efforts as updates come in. If you have any questions or needs, please let us know. † To the employees, I would write them a memorandum that would say†¦ â€Å"As President of Minera San Esteban Primera, I have some bad news to inform everyone about.There has been a collapse in the shafts and there are 33 men trapped. I am deeply sorry for what has happened. We are working hard and as quickly as we can to get your loved ones out of the mine. I can ensure you we are doing everything we can to get to them. Our first priority is to borrow a large enough hole to be able to communicate with them and get them any supplies they need for survival. We are unsure of what caused the collapse; however I can guarantee you that we will do a full investigation on the cause. As soon as we are been able to communicate ith them through the borrow hole we will let you kno w. We plan on keeping you as informed as possible. We do not yet have confirmation on the exact state of the well being of the workers; however, I can assure you that we have hundreds of personnel working around the clock to get some kind of communication from the men. Until further notice, all other project and operations are going to be put on hold, so we are able to give our full attention to rescuing our 33 coworkers that are trapped in the mine, this will mean that all employees have been excused from work with pay.I can ensure you all that we are giving our all. † In conclusion, it is important to be sensitive with communication such as this. You need to be sure to know who your audience is so you don’t come across as being heartless. When it comes to communicating to a group of people that you don’t personally know, you need to make sure your information is accurate and up to date and that your source is credible. ReferenceOver 30 Workers Trapped After Chi lean Copper Mine Collapse. (2010, August). Metal Bulletin Daily, (224), 65. Business Source Complete. Parry, W. (2010). Chile Mine Collapse: Facts About the Amazing Survival Story. Retrieved from http://www. livescience. com/11169-chile-collapse-facts-amazing-survival-story. html Chile Mining Accident. (2010). Retrieved from http://topics. nytimes. com/top/reference/times topics/subjects/c/chile_mining_accident_2010/index. html

Analysis Of The Movie Perfumed Nightmare - 1347 Words

Kidlat Tahimik’s â€Å"Perfumed Nightmare† is a fascinating film that takes on a comedic, yet interesting, approach to reveal the complexities and struggles in a third world country. Throughout the film, the audience is taken through the journey of hunger for modernization. In this paper, I will argue that the vision of progress is well displayed through the aspirations of the characters and is painted vividly through objects such as bridges and vehicles shown and mentioned in the film. In â€Å"Perfumed Nightmare†, Kidlat’s dream to reach America is evident through his strange behaviour and colourful wonder. The film first takes place in the third world country, The Philippines, where most women are dark skinned and have dark hair. We are first†¦show more content†¦He whines, â€Å" I do not dream of Disneyland no more mama, I dream of Cape Canaveral†. Cape Canaveral is NASA’s launch pad in Florida and he thinks that it is even better than Disneyland. By saying this, Kidlat is trying to show that he is serious about following his dreams, he does not dwell on typical childish wishes like everyone else. Kidlat is so hungry to know more about NASA, he also writes to Voice of America and asks them â€Å"What were the first words your great American astronauts said when they landed on the moon?†. His curiosity helps to feed his knowledge and widens his perspective on astronomy and his mindset is â€Å"one step† ahead of everyone else. In â€Å"Perfumed Nightmare†, the dialogue and symbols brought up by characters help give insight into the history of the Philippines and the history of the protagonist s (Kidlat’s) family. The film takes place in the Balian, Kidlat’s hometown in the Philippines, where the audience gets most information about Kidlat and his family past through the word’s of his mother and flashbacks of his father. When Kidlat becomes curious about his father, his mother describes his father’s hardships as a young soldier. She says: â€Å" Your father stopped singing when given the rifle†. We are brought into the time of when Kidlat’s dad fought in the revolution. Kidlat’s father’s happiness and contentment is represented through song and singing. When he was â€Å"given the rifle† (told to join theShow MoreRelatedPhilippine Independent film as a Medium for Political and Social issues5632 Words   |  23 Pagesand unconsciously. T hus, giving the media the responsibility to offer the audience ethical and valuable information. A film acts as a medium of communication in the form of language, by means of signs which are used to express the inner reality of movie makers. These are certain values contributed or communicated by movies and they are either beneficial or harmful to the total development of viewers (Maligalig, 1997). Mass Media is one of those factors that affect a person’s value formation among